This definitive Research Handbook explores the restructuring strategies of globalised firms, bringing together a wide range of topics from export exit, subsidiary divestment and market re-entry to relocation, offshoring and backshoring. Contributors from diverse fields including marketing, entrepreneurship, strategic management and economics provide a multi-dimensional methodological approach to the analysis of exit. They consider exit both in terms of export markets and foreign direct investment, and in terms of subsequent re-entry in the same markets as well as relocation to other countries. Taking a global view, chapters, which take the shape of literature reviews, conceptual works and qualitative and quantitative studies, represent diverse regions and country contexts, such as China, the EU, Norway, Russia and the US. Providing an overview of international divestments and their associated phenomena of relocation and re-entry, the book concludes by presenting avenues for further research. Drawing together conceptual works, case studies, quantitative studies, bibliometric analysis and meta-analysis, this timely Research Handbook will be a valuable resource for researchers and students of international business. Its use of empirical case studies will also be valuable for business practitioners interested in international divestment and export exit.

Martin Parry University College, London, UK The 13 country studies collected in this re Adaptations Assessment published by the port represent the first of what is likely to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change become a worldwide, country-by-country (Carter et al., 1994) as an agreed technical estimate of the likely impacts of, and appro set of scientific methods for climate impact priate adaptations to, greenhouse-gas-in assessment and has written its own guidance duced global climate change. document, Guidance for Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment (U.S. CSP, 1994). Under the U.N. Framework Convention on The u.S. Country Studies Program devel Climate Change (UNFCCC), signatories oped the Guidance and other reviews of agreed to two near-term actions and one ma methodology into a nonspecialist set of jor subsequent one. The two near-term ac workbooks for use at the country level, tions are to make annual estimates of the which, backed up by advice from experi emissions and sinks of greenhouse gases, enced scientists from the United States and which are now being reported as part of a other countries, enabled local scientists to country-by-country inventory developed by conduct their own vulnerability and adapta the U.N. Environment Programme, the Or tion assessments."